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This research was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through the research unit Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture, and Food (LEAF), in the scope of the projects UID/AGR/04129/2019; UIDP/04129/2020, LEAF Exploratory Project MicroBerry, and through DL57/2016/CP1382/CT0024 to LC. M.V.A. received a grant from the Regional Mobility Programme of the Junta de Extremadura (MOV19A017) for this research, FEDER funds, and GR21196 and AGROS projects. A.F-R. received a grant from the Youth Employment Programme of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Government of Spain (PEJ2018-004265-A) and ESF.

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Canopy Architecture and Sun Exposure Influence Berry Cluster-Water Relations in the Grapevine Variety Muscat of Alexandria

Publicat a:Plants-Basel. 13 (11): 1500- - 2024-06-01 13(11), DOI: 10.3390/plants13111500

Autors: Zarrouk, O; Pinto, C; Alarcón, MV; Flores-Roco, A; Santos, L; David, TS; Amancio, S; Lopes, CM; Carvalho, LC

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Climate-change-related increases in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves affect viticulture, leading to losses in yield and grape quality. We assessed whether canopy-architecture manipulation mitigates the effects of summer stress in a Mediterranean vineyard. The Vitis vinifera L variety Muscat of Alexandria plants were monitored during 2019-2020. Two canopy shoot-positioning treatments were applied: vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and modulated shoot positioning (MSP). In MSP, the west-side upper foliage was released to promote partial shoot leaning, shading the clusters. Clusters were sampled at pea size (PS), veraison (VER), and full maturation (FM). Measurements included rachis anatomy and hydraulic conductance (Kh) and aquaporins (AQP) and stress-related genes expression in cluster tissues. The results show significant seasonal and interannual differences in Kh and vascular anatomy. At VER, the Kh of the rachis and rachis+pedicel and the xylem diameter decreased but were unaffected by treatments. The phloem-xylem ratio was either increased (2019) or reduced (2020) in MSP compared to VSP. Most AQPs were down-regulated at FM in pedicels and up-regulated at VER in pulp. A potential maturation shift in MSP was observed and confirmed by the up-regulation of several stress-related genes in all tissues. The study pinpoints the role of canopy architecture in berry-water relations and stress response during ripening.

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