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Aspergillus carbonarius as the main source of ochratoxin A contamination in dried vine fruits from the Spanish market

Publicated to:Journal Of Food Protection. 66 (3): 504-506 - 2003-03-01 66(3), DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-66.3.504

Authors: Abarca, ML; Accensi, F; Bragulat, MR; Castella, G; Cabanes, FJ

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Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) can occur in a wide range of foods, but unexpectedly high concentrations have been detected in dried vine fruits of various origins. The European Union has recently established a maximum OTA limit of 10 mug/kg for these foodstuffs. In order to determine the likely origin of OTA, a mycological study of 50 dried fruit samples (currants, raisins, and sultanas) representative of the Spanish market was conducted. Fungal contamination was detected in 49 of 50 (98%) samples. Black aspergilli were isolated from all of the positive samples. Aspergillus niger var. niger was isolated from 98% of the samples, and Aspergillus carbonarius was found in 58% of the samples. One hundred sixty-eight A. niger var. niger isolates and 91 A. carbonarius isolates were screened for their ability to produce OTA. Eighty-eight (96.7%) A. carbonarius isolates and one (0.6%) A. niger var. niger isolate were found to be OTA producers. Black aspergilli were the dominant fungi. Among black aspergilli, A. carbonarius has shown a consistent ability to produce OTA and is the most probable source of this mycotoxin in these substrates.

Keywords
AspergillusCarcinogensCoffeeFood contaminationFruitFungiNiger aggregateOchratoxin aOchratoxinsProducersSpainStrainsWine grapes

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Food Protection due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2003, it was in position 3/94, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Food Science & Technology.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 11.97, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-21, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 192
  • Scopus: 218
  • Europe PMC: 85
  • OpenCitations: 199
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-21:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 50.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 50 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 6.

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.